If you’re a horse owner, trainer, or even a casual rider, you’ve likely pondered the significance of the bit you use. The truth is, the bit serves as a vital line of communication between you and your horse, a dialogue that evolves as you both advance in your training journey. In this blog, we’ll delve into the multifaceted reasons why varying the types of bits you use is not just beneficial but essential for the development of your horse. They serve as a communication tool between the rider and the horse, helping to control various movements and behaviors. However, the world of bits can be confusing, with numerous types and styles to choose from. This blog aims to demystify Western bits, focusing on the seven pressure points on a horse’s head that a bit can affect. We’ll also discuss the concept of bits being “simple to complex” rather than “mild to harsh.”

The Seven Pressure Points: A Closer Look

Understanding the seven pressure points on a horse’s head is crucial for selecting the right bit and effectively communicating with your horse. Each pressure point serves a unique purpose and affects the horse’s movements and behavior in different ways. Let’s delve deeper into each of these points.

1. Nose

Location

• Across the nose, usually affected by hackamores or side pulls.

Function

• Primarily used for lateral bending.
• Good for young or inexperienced horses learning basic commands.

Bits and Tack

• Rope Side Pull
• Hackamore
• Bitless Bridles

2. Corners of the Mouth

Location

• Where the lips meet, almost all bits that go into the horse’s mouth affect this area.

Function

• Used for both lateral and slight vertical flexion.
• Direct one-to-one contact with the rider’s hand.

Bits and Tack

• Snaffle Bit
• D-Ring Snaffle

3. Bars of the Mouth

Location

• The gum area where there are no teeth.

Function

• Sensitive area, often used for more nuanced control.
• Affected by most bits that go into the mouth.

Bits and Tack

• Snaffle Bit
• Curb Bit

4. Tongue

Location

• The fleshy muscular organ inside the mouth.

Function

• Some bits exert pressure here to encourage the horse to drop its head.
• Less commonly targeted but still important.

Bits and Tack

• Ported Bits
• Mullen Mouth Bits

5. Roof of the Mouth

Location

• The top inside part of the mouth.

Function

• Used for more leverage, especially for horses that are heavy on the forehand.
• Encourages the horse to break at the pole and elevate the back.

Bits and Tack

• High Port Bits
• Spade Bits

6. Chin

Location

• Underneath the jaw, often affected by curb chains or straps.

Function

• Used in conjunction with other pressure points for more complex commands.
• Helps in vertical flexion and tucking the nose.
• Acts as the fulcrum for leverage bits.

Bits and Tack

• Curb Bit
• Pelham Bit

7. Pole

Location

• The top of the head, behind the ears.

Function

• Targeted for vertical flexion and softening at the pole.
• Helps in lifting the horse’s front end and engaging the back.

Bits and Tack

• Leverage Bits
• Pelham Bit

Understanding these pressure points and how they interact with different types of bits will allow you to make more informed decisions when it comes to selecting the right bit for your horse. Also these points are not just indepencant points but they have an interrelationship with each other, meaning that effecting one points also has some effect on other points. Always remember, the key is effective communication, not just control.

Harsh / Mild verses Simple / Complex

When it comes to horse bits, the terms “mild” and “harsh” are often thrown around. However, a more accurate way to categorize bits is by their complexity—ranging from simple to complex. This classification is based on the number of pressure points a bit affects and the type of control it offers. Let’s delve into this concept further.

Simple Bits

Characteristics:

• Limited Pressure Points: Simple bits usually affect only one or two pressure points on the horse’s head.
• Direct Contact: These bits offer a one-to-one ratio of pressure, meaning the amount of pressure you apply is directly transferred to the horse.
• Beginner-Friendly: Often used for young or inexperienced horses who are just learning the basics.

Examples:

• Snaffle Bit: Affects the corners of the mouth and sometimes the bars and tongue. Ideal for basic lateral movements.
• Rope Side Pull: Affects only the nose and is used for basic control and lateral bending.
• Halter, Side Pull, Bitless Bridles: These are not technically bits but serve a similar purpose. They are simple pieces of equipment that usually affect only the nose.

When to Use:

• Training young horses or horses early in their training education
• Horses that are sensitive to pressure
• For riders who are still learning rein management or have not yet developed a good “feel” with their hands

Example of a Simple Bit

Complex Bits

Characteristics:

• Multiple Pressure Points: Complex bits can affect multiple pressure points simultaneously, offering advanced communication.
• Leverage: These bits often use leverage, which amplifies the pressure applied by the rider therefore the rider needs better hands to use them.
• Advanced Control: Suitable for experienced riders who need more precise control over the horse’s movements.

Examples:

• Curb Bit: Affects the bars, corners of the mouth, chin, and sometimes the roof of the mouth and the pole. Used for advanced training and communication.
• Pelham Bit: Combines the features of snaffle and curb bits, affecting multiple pressure points. Offers both direct and leverage pressure.
• Spade Bit: A highly complex bit that affects almost all the pressure points, including the roof of the mouth. Used for highly trained horses in specific disciplines.

When to Use:

• Advanced training
• Horses that are well-conditioned to bit pressure
• Specific disciplines that require nuanced control, like dressage or reining

Example of a complex bit.

Key Takeaways:

• Training Progression: As your horse progresses in training, you may move from simpler to more complex bits to achieve specific goals.
• Horse Comfort: Always consider the comfort of your horse. A bit that is too complex for a horse that’s not ready can cause confusion and discomfort.
• Rider Skill: The effectiveness of a bit is also dependent on the skill of the rider. An experienced rider can use a simple bit very effectively, while an inexperienced rider can misuse a complex bit.

Understanding the concept of simple and complex bits will help you make more informed decisions, ensuring effective communication and a better riding experience for both you and your horse.

Common Misconceptions

Why a Horse “Doesn’t Like a Bit”: Unpacking the Training Issue

The phrase “my horse doesn’t like the bit” is commonly heard in equestrian circles. While it’s easy to anthropomorphize horses and attribute human-like preferences to them, it’s crucial to understand that a horse’s aversion to a bit is usually indicative of a training gap or a physical issue that needs to be addressed. Here’s a deeper look into why a horse might “dislike” a bit and why it’s often a training issue. In the blog, The Link Between Resistance in the Face and Shoulders, I am talking about a horse that is very resistant and to an untrained eye it looks like the resistance is with the bit when actually the residtance is in the shoulders. Trying to soften this horse to the bit will not accomplish anything.

Common Signs of Bit Aversion

• Head Shaking: Constant shaking of the head when the bit is in the mouth.
• Resistance: Pulling away or refusing to move when pressure is applied via the bit.
• Mouth Issues: Excessive drooling, mouth opening, or even attempts to bite can indicate discomfort.
• Behavioral Changes: Sudden spookiness, bucking, or other uncharacteristic behaviors.

Underlying Reasons

• Lack of Desensitization: If a horse has not been properly desensitized to pressure on all seven points (nose, corners of the mouth, bars, tongue, roof of the mouth, chin, and pole), they may show resistance to a bit that applies pressure to these areas.
• Physical Discomfort: Dental issues, mouth sores, or an ill-fitting bit can make the experience painful for the horse.
• Inconsistent Rein Aids: If the rider’s rein aids are inconsistent or too strong, the horse may develop an aversion to the bit.
• Lack of Understanding: A complex bit on an inexperienced horse can lead to confusion, making the horse seem like it “dislikes” the bit.
• Previous Negative Experience: If the horse has had a negative experience with a bit, perhaps due to harsh handling, it may be resistant to any bit thereafter.

Addressing the Issue: A Training Perspective

• Identify the Gap: The first step is to identify which of the seven pressure points your horse is resistant to. This will help you understand what needs to be worked on.
• Back to Basics: Sometimes, going back to a simpler bit or even a bitless bridle for a period can help. Use this time to work on desensitizing the horse to pressure and improving your own rein aids.
• Gradual Introduction: If you’re moving to a more complex bit, do it gradually. Allow the horse time to understand the new pressure points being introduced.
• Consistency is Key: Be consistent in your rein aids. Mixed signals can confuse the horse and contribute to bit aversion.
• Professional Help: Sometimes, the issue may be too ingrained for an amateur to solve. In such cases, professional training may be necessary.
• Health Check: Rule out any dental or health issues that might be causing discomfort. A visit from the equine dentist or veterinarian may be in order.

A horse’s aversion to a bit is often less about preference and more about a lack of training or a physical issue. By identifying and addressing these gaps, you can improve not only your horse’s comfort but also your effectiveness as a rider. Remember, the bit is a tool for communication, and both horse and rider need to understand this language for it to be effective.

Dispelling the Myth: Are Bits Really Harsh?

The perception of bits as being “harsh” or “cruel” is a topic that often sparks debate among equestrians. While it’s true that a bit can be misused in a way that causes discomfort or even pain to a horse, the bit itself is not inherently harsh. It’s a tool designed for communication between horse and rider, and its effectiveness—or harshness—largely depends on the hands that wield it. Here’s a more in-depth look into why bits are often misunderstood as being harsh.

The Complexity Spectrum: Simple to Complex Bits

• Simple Bits: These are often snaffle bits or bitless bridles that exert pressure on one or two points, usually the corners of the mouth or the nose. They are straightforward in their action and easy for a horse and rider to understand.
• Complex Bits: These are usually leverage bits that can exert pressure on multiple points simultaneously—corners of the mouth, bars, tongue, roof of the mouth, chin, and even the pole. They offer more nuanced control but require a skilled hand.

Factors Contributing to the “Harshness” Perception

• Inexperienced Handling: In the hands of an inexperienced or heavy-handed rider, even the mildest bit can become harsh.
• Mismatch: Using a complex bit on an inexperienced horse can lead to confusion and discomfort, making the bit seem harsher than it is.
• Physical Issues: Dental problems, mouth sores, or an ill-fitting bit can make any bit seem harsh.
• Lack of Training: If a horse hasn’t been trained to understand pressure on all seven points, it may react negatively to a new bit, leading to the perception of harshness.

Why Bits Are Not Inherently Harsh

• Communication Tool: A bit is a means of communication between the horse and rider. When used correctly, it allows for precise, subtle cues that can enhance riding and training.
• Variety for Specific Needs: The wide range of bits available allows riders to choose the most appropriate bit for their horse’s training level, mouth conformation, the specific riding discipline, and for the riders skill with their hands.
• Adjustability: Many bits offer adjustability in terms of tightness, which means they can be made to fit comfortably in the horse’s mouth.
• Rider’s Skill: A skilled rider can use even a complex bit in a way that is comfortable and understandable for the horse.

How to Use Bits Responsibly

• Proper Fitting: Always ensure that the bit is the correct size and style for your horse.
• Skill Level: Match the complexity of the bit to both the horse’s and the rider’s skill levels.
• Regular Checks: Regularly check for signs of wear and tear, as a damaged bit can cause discomfort.
• Dental Care: Regular dental check-ups can help ensure that the bit isn’t causing any physical harm.
• Training: Work on desensitizing your horse to pressure on all seven points for a more comfortable and effective bit experience. In the video, Introducing a horse to a new bit with roof of the mouth contact, you can see how this is done.

The notion that bits are inherently harsh is a misconception. Like any tool, a bit can be used or misused. The key lies in the hands of the rider and the training level of the horse. With proper use and understanding, a bit is an effective tool for communication, not an instrument of harshness.

The Importance of Using Different Bits in the Training Progression of a Horse

When it comes to training horses, one size does not fit all—especially when it comes to bits. The bit is not just a tool for control; it’s a medium of communication between the rider and the horse. As your horse progresses in its training, its needs change, and the bit you use should evolve accordingly. Here’s why using different bits is crucial for the training progression of a horse.

The Learning Curve: From Novice to Advanced

• Starting Point: Young or inexperienced horses often start with simple bits, like snaffles, that exert pressure on one or two points. These bits are easy for the horse to understand and respond to.
• Intermediate Training: As the horse gains experience, you may need to introduce a bit that offers better communication, like a leverage bit that exerts pressure on multiple points.
• Advanced Training: Highly trained horses may require bits that offer even more specific communication for specialized activities like dressage, jumping, reining, or working cow horse.

Addressing Specific Training Needs

• Lateral Flexibility: Some bits are designed to improve the horse’s lateral flexibility, helping it to bend more easily in turns.
• Vertical Flexion: Other bits may be used to encourage vertical flexion, helping the horse to carry its head in a more elevated or collected manner.
• Shoulder Control: Advanced bits can even help with controlling the horse’s shoulder movements, which is crucial for advanced dressage moves or tight turns in barrel racing.
• Gait Modification: Certain bits can help in modifying a horse’s gait, useful in disciplines like gaited horse shows.

Avoiding Habituation and Resistance

• Staleness: Using the same bit for an extended period can lead to habituation, where the horse becomes so accustomed to the bit’s pressure that it becomes less responsive.
• Resistance: If a horse develops resistance to a particular bit, it may start to ignore cues, requiring the rider to use more force, which is counterproductive and can be harmful.

Enhancing Communication

• Nuanced Cues: Different bits allow for more better  communication, enabling the rider to give more specific cues for more complex maneuvers.
• Feedback Loop: Advanced bits can also provide the rider with more feedback from the horse, helping to fine-tune their riding skills.

Safety Considerations

• Behavioral Issues: Some bits are designed to address specific behavioral issues like head tossing or pulling, providing a safer riding experience.
• Sport-Specific Needs: Certain equestrian sports have specific bit requirements for safety reasons, making it necessary to switch bits as the horse progresses into these activities.

Switching bits throughout a horse’s training is not about making the process more complicated; it’s about adapting to the horse’s evolving needs and skills. Each bit serves as a different “language level,” helping you communicate more effectively with your horse as both of you grow in your training journey. Understanding the mechanics of bits and the pressure points they affect can significantly improve your riding experience and your horse’s comfort. Remember, the goal is not to find the mildest bit but to find the most effective bit for your specific needs. IN the blog, How Different Rein and Leg Cues Effect Movement, I am working a horse with a complex bit getting much more advanced maneuvers. 

Conclusion

In the world of horse training, the bit is more than a mere accessory; it’s a dynamic tool that facilitates a growing relationship between horse and rider. As you’ve seen, the choice of bit can influence everything from basic control to advanced maneuvers, from behavioral correction to nuanced communication. The journey of training a horse is a long and rewarding one, filled with milestones and challenges. By thoughtfully selecting and switching bits at different stages, you’re not complicating the process; you’re enriching it. You’re speaking your horse’s language, but with an expanding vocabulary that allows for clearer, more precise communication. So the next time you consider whether to change your horse’s bit, remember that you’re not just making a simple equipment change; you’re taking a meaningful step in a shared journey of growth and understanding.

All of the valuable information I have learned through 25+ years of horse training and showing, I share with you to help you to improve your equestrian knowledge. For more in-depth tutorials, check out Tim Anderson’s Horse Training videos and blogs.